exposition

Zi said, "To govern with virtue is like the North Star, which resides in its place and is shared by all the stars."

Zi said, "The 300 Poems, in a nutshell, say, 'Think without evil'."

Zi said, "The way is based on government, and the way is based on punishment, and the people are free and have no shame. The Way is based on morality, and the way is based on propriety, and there is shame."

子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”

孟懿子问孝，子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰‘无违’。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”

Meng Wu Bo asked about filial piety. The son said, "Parents only worry about their illnesses."

Zi You asked about filial piety. Zi said, "The filial piety of today is to be able to raise. As for dogs and horses, all of them can be nourished; if they are not honored, how can they be distinguished?"

Zixia asked about filial piety. Zi said, "The color is difficult. When there is something to do, the disciple serves his labor; when there is wine and food, the gentleman serves the food, was it ever thought of as filial piety?"

The son said, "I have been talking with Hui all day long, and I do not violate it, like a fool. Retreat and save his private, also enough to send, back also not stupid."

The son said, "Be concealed by what you see, observe what you see, and find out what you are comfortable with. Be concealed?"

The Son said, "If you can learn from the past, you can be a teacher."

The Son said, "A gentleman is not a weapon."

Zigong asked the gentleman. Zi said, "First do what he says and then follow it."

The Son said, "A gentleman is circumspect but not circumspect; a villain is circumspect but not circumspect."

The Son said, "To learn without thinking is confusing, to think without learning is dangerous."

Zi said, "Attacking heresy is harmful!"

The Son said, "By and by, teaching a woman to know what she knows! To know is to know, and not to know is to know."

Zi Zhang (son of Zeus)学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤；多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”

The Duke of Lamentations asked, "What is it that makes the people obedient?" Confucius replied, "If you raise the straight and wrong, then the people will be convinced; if you raise the wrong and wrong, then the people will not be convinced."

Jikangzi asked, "What is the best way to make the people honorable and loyal in order to persuade them?" The son said, "If the people are treated in a solemn manner, then they will be honored; if they are filial and compassionate, then they will be loyal; if they are raised to be good but cannot be taught, then they will be persuaded."

或谓孔子曰：“子奚不egalitarianism？”子曰：“《书》云：‘孝乎惟孝，友于兄弟，施于有政。’是亦egalitarianism，奚其为egalitarianism？”

The Son said, "If a man does not have faith, he does not know what he can do. If there is no crossbar for the big cart and no yoking bar for the small cart, how can he walk?"

Zi Zhang (son of Zeus)问：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因于夏礼，所损益，可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。其或继周者，虽百世，可知也。”

The son said, "To sacrifice a ghost other than its own is flattering; to see righteousness and not do it is not courageous."

Confucius said, "To rule a country with morality is like the North Star, resting in its place while all the other stars surround it."

Confucius said, "The 300 Psalms of the Book of Psalms, to summarize it in a single sentence, is 'pure in thought and devoid of evil thoughts'."

孔子说：“用政令来引导百姓，用刑法来整顿他们，百姓虽然能暂时免于罪过，但不会有羞耻之心。如果用道德来引导百姓，用礼教来整顿他们，百姓不仅会有羞耻之心，而且会自觉改正错误。”

孔子说：“我十五岁立志于学习，三十岁能够自立，四十岁遇到事情不再感到困惑，五十岁懂得了天命，六十岁能听得进不同的意见，到七十岁才能随心所欲，想干什么就干什么，也不会超出规矩。”

孟懿子问什么是孝，孔子说：“不要违背礼节。”后来樊迟为孔子驾车，孔子告诉他：“孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说‘不要违背礼节’。”樊迟问：“这是什么意思呢？”孔子说：“父母活着的时候，要按照礼节侍奉他们；父母去世后，要按照礼节安葬他们，祭祀他们。”

When Meng Wu Bo asked what filial piety was, Confucius said, "Parents only worry about their children's illnesses."

子游问什么是孝，孔子说：“现在所谓的孝，是指能够赡养父母。然而就连狗和马也都能得到饲养；如果对父母不尊敬，那么赡养父母和饲养狗马还有什么区别呢？”

子夏问什么是孝，孔子说：“在侍奉父母时保持和颜悦色是最难的。如果有事情，子女替父母去做；有酒食，让父母先享用，难道就认为这就是孝了吗？”

孔子说：“我整天和颜回讲学，他从不提出什么疑问，像个愚笨的人。等他退下，我观察他私下里和其他人的交流，发现他也能充分领会并发挥我讲的内容，可见颜回并不愚笨。”

孔子说：“要考察一个人，看他正在做什么，观察他做事情的方法，了解他安于什么，这样，这个人怎么能够隐藏得住呢？怎么能够隐藏得住呢？”

Confucius said, "One can be a teacher by reviewing old knowledge and thereby gaining new understanding and appreciation."

Confucius said, "A gentleman is not like a utensil, whose role is limited to one aspect only."

When Zigong asked how to be a gentleman, Confucius said, "First do what needs to be done, then say what needs to be done."

Confucius said, "A gentleman fits in without collusion, a villain colludes without fitting in."

Confucius said, "If you only study but do not think, you will be confused and gain nothing; if you only think but do not study, you will be mentally tired and gain nothing."

Confucius said, "It is harmful to delve into doctrines that are not right!"

Confucius said to Zi Lu, "You have been taught what to do, and do you know it? To know is to know, and not to know is not to know; this honesty is wisdom."

Zi Zhang (son of Zeus)向孔子请教如何求得官职俸禄，孔子说：“多听，有怀疑的地方加以保留，其余的谨慎地说出，就可以减少错误；多看，有怀疑的地方加以保留，其余的谨慎地实行，就可以减少懊悔。言语错误少，行为懊悔少，官职俸禄就在这里面了。”

鲁哀公问：“怎样才能使百姓服从呢？”孔子回答说：“把正直的人提拔起来，放到不正直的人之上，百姓就会服从；如果把不正直的人提拔起来，放到正直的人之上，百姓就不会服从。”

季康子问：“要使百姓对上层尊敬、尽忠而努力干活，该怎么做呢？”孔子说：“你对待百姓的态度严肃，他们就会尊敬你；你孝顺父母，慈爱幼小，他们就会尽忠于你；你选拔善良的人，又教育能力差的人，他们就会努力干活了。”

有人问孔子：“您为什么不参与政治？”孔子说：“《尚书》上说：‘孝就是孝敬父母，友爱兄弟，再把这种精神推广到政治上去。’这也就是参与政治了，还要怎样才能算是参与政治呢？”

孔子说：“一个人如果不讲信用，真不知道他怎么办。就像大车没有车辕与轭相连接的木销子，小车没有车杠与横木相衔接的销钉，它靠什么行走呢？”

Zi Zhang (son of Zeus)问：“今后十世（十年为一世）的礼仪制度可以预先知道吗？”孔子说：“商朝继承了夏朝的礼仪制度，所改变的，是那些不合理部分；周朝又继承商朝的礼仪制度，所改变的，也是那些不合理部分。将来有继承周朝的，就是一百世以后的情况，也是可以预先知道的。”

Confucius said, "To honor an ancestor who is not one's own is flattery; to see what is just and not do it is cowardice."