English case conversion

(1) Capitalization of the First Letter

① The first letter of the first word in each sentence should be capitalized.

② The first letter of the first line in each paragraph is usually capitalized, but not all paragraphs begin this way.

(2) Title Case

① Article titles typically use “title case,” meaning the first letter of each word is capitalized, with the rest of the letters lowercase, except for short prepositions and conjunctions (such as of, and, the).

② Headlines in newspapers and magazines may follow the “lowercase initial” rule, where only the first letter of the first word is capitalized, and the first letters of all other words are lowercase.

(3) Proper Nouns

① The first letter of proper nouns—such as people’s names, place names, and brand names—should be capitalized.

② The first letter of titles of works such as books, movies, and songs is also typically capitalized.

(4) Abbreviations and Acronyms

① The first letter of abbreviations is usually capitalized, such as "Mr.", "Mrs.", and "Dr.".

② In acronyms (such as NASA, UNICEF), every letter is capitalized.